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Candy board, fondant slab or dry sugar on newspaper — which one for an Ontario winter, and when does it go on?

Ontario, second year, three colonies. Last winter I did nothing above the crownboard and got lucky. This year I want emergency feed in place before I need it, and I've been reading about three different approaches that all seem to have devoted followings. Dry sugar poured on newspaper over the top bars — the mountain-camp method. Free, absorbs moisture, but I've read the bees sometimes just carry it out as rubbish. A poured candy board — a wooden rim with a hard sugar cake set in it, which doubles as insulation and a moisture sink but is a project to make. Or shop-bought fondant, expensive but a five-minute job. Questions. Which of these actually gets eaten in a cold Ontario January when the cluster can barely move? Does the feed have to be in direct contact with the top bars, or will they come up through a hole? And when should it go on — now, or do I wait until a January thaw when I can see they need it? Part of me says put it on now and stop worrying, but I don't want to encourage them to eat through it in November when they've still got their own stores.
#fondant#candy-board#emergency-feeding#ontario
▲ 10 votes 💬 5 replies ✅ Solved
5 replies
QuebecBees · Oct 11, 2026 · ✅ Accepted answer
Quebec. All three work, but contact is the thing that decides it. In a real cold spell the cluster can only use food it is touching, so whatever you choose goes directly on the top bars or on an insert with the sugar facing down into the hole, not perched off to one side. That's why dry sugar on paper works when it works — it's lying right where the bees are.
VTBeeHannah · Oct 11, 2026
Vermont, second year, and I've done all three now. Ranking for our kind of winter: candy board best, fondant close second and far less work, dry sugar third — mine did carry a lot of it out in a mild November, though what stayed got eaten in February. Put it on now. They won't gorge on it; they prefer their own stores and treat the sugar as a last resort.
BethsBees · Oct 11, 2026
Perfect, thanks. Fondant this year since I've left it late to build anything, sitting straight on the top bars with the rim and insulation above. Candy board project for next autumn.
mn_newbee · Oct 11, 2026
Following along from Minnesota — BethsBees, did you put an empty rim or eke above the top bars to make room for the fondant, or does it squash under the inner cover? That's the bit I can't picture.
QuebecBees · Oct 12, 2026
mn_newbee — yes, you need the space: an eke, a shallow rim, or an empty super with insulation stuffed around the fondant. Squashing it under a tight inner cover just makes a mess and blocks their route up. Cheap to make from four bits of 50 mm timber.
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